Blue Moon Science

Blue Moon is set to rise in the night sky this Friday, August 31. But, do you know what a Blue Moon is, exactly? If you have been wondering about this then keep reading.


First of all, let me make it clear that the term Blue Moon has nothing to do with the color. It is just another full moon. And there is nothing special about the color of the moon.

The term Blue Moon was first traced by ‘Sky and Telescope’ magazine in 1946. Then, the term apparently referred to the third full moon in a season that contains four full moons. 
 
Normally, a season of three months contains only three full moons. But, due to the shorter length of lunar months (29.5 days) compared to solar months, four full moons occasionally get squeezed into a single season.

But the author of the ‘Sky and Telescope’ article misinterpreted this complicated definition, declaring that a Blue Moon is actually the second full moon in a month with two full moons.

In 1980, the new (and wrong) meaning attained widespread usage as it was used during a broadcast of the radio show. And in 1981, the unscientific term became a general knowledge as the developer of a game defined the term as it was defined by the ‘Sky and Telescope’ author.

So that is why Friday's full moon is known as a Blue Moon. It really is no different than any other full moon, except that an accident of the calendar causes it to be the second full moon in the month of August, the first having been on Aug. 1. And, on average, blue moons come along once every 2.7 years.

2014 Mazda6 review adn pictures

 

Mazda is in a hurry. The Japanese carmaker's financial struggles over the past two years have left it in need of an immediate sales boost, not just at home but in the United States and Europe. Which is why Mazda took to today's Moscow Motor Show to unveil the 2014 Mazda6 midsize sedan, a car that will need to be successful to keep Mazda afloat.

For a type of vehicle bought by millions of Americans every year, midsize sedans don't spur much enthusiasm. They're meant to shuttle commuters and occasionally families quickly, efficiently and reliably, without fail for years on end. With all five of the top-selling sedans either recently redesigned or soon to be, Mazda needed a major upgrade of the Mazda6 -- a model that was about 15 percent too small for Americans, and never sold well on these shores.

 
Sporting a toned-down version of the styling Mazda's been featuring on its concept cars over the past few years, the new Mazda6 grows to match the dimensions of the class-leading Toyota Camry. As is the trend among the latest generation of sedans, this redesign focused on fuel economy, with Mazda's trick being a capacitor-powered regenerative braking system whose energy can power many of the car's electronics, saving a little fuel.

 

Mazda says the Moscow mule doesn't reflect the precise specifications of the U.S.-bound Mazda6, but we'd expect similar engine choices -- a 2-liter four-cylinder good for 147 hp, and a new 2.5-liter four-cylinder capable of 189 hp. On the European test cycle, those engines combined with Mazda's 6-speed manual can touch 40 mpg; the U.S. specs will be lower, but Mazda will clearly aim to take the current title of most efficient midsize sedan away from the 2013 Nissan Altima and its 31 mpg combined rating.

Inside, there's a modest freshening, but unlike other automakers Mazda hasn't embraced the knob-and-button-free approach to dashboard controls. Even its speedometer looks like an analog throwback compared to the jumbotron-like displays turning up in new vehicles. Mazda's financial situation requires it to stick to the basics -- and if it does so well enough, more Americans in the same position might give it a look.]

Hottest paint color? Not silver anymore

Silver was the most popular exterior car color in America for nearly a decade. But while it remains beloved by automotive designers for best showing off a car's styling, its unstinting argent reign was finally overthrown this year. By white. According to Sandy McGill, BMW Designworks' lead designer in color, materials, and finish, this is Steve Jobs' doing. "Prior to Apple, white was associated with things like refrigerators or the tiles in your bathroom. Apple made white valuable."



Valuable, yet boring. So while the rise in white's snowy stock may be good news for the luxury market — white is high maintenance, thus luxurious — it's a pale palliative for those of us with a bit more pigment in their palette. Fortunately, our expert interviews and analysis reveal that more enticing colors are emerging.

Light blue's ascension is connected to environmental wellbeing: clear skies, clean water. Crisp oranges are migrating from the world of high-end outdoor equipment. New paint technology may finally allow fashion's passion for fluorescents to flow from the runways onto the highways. And, as always, the smart money's on gold: as its price and profile have skyrocketed, so has its demand as a coating.

But the most enticing color trend, from our perspective, is the return of brown. After all, what could be more compelling to unicorn-riding Rainbow Brites like us than the hue derived — as any child left too long at an easel will readily demonstrate — from combining every shade in the visible spectrum?

As recently as 2008 articles and experts were prognosticating the "extinction" of brown as an automotive exterior color: it was too rooted in the malaise of the 1970s, it blended in too well with the scenery, it lowered resale value. Even the aesthetically-bereft American Automobile Association (AAA) danced on brown's loamy grave, claiming, in their Car and Color Safety dispatch of 2004 that, "brown, black, and green cars [are] roughly twice as likely as white cars to be involved in crashes resulting in serious injury."

But, like every cinematic hero, the very moment of brown's alleged eradication presaged its incipient resurrection. According to paint giant PPG's Global Color Manager, Jane Harrington, brown's latest uptick is based in its ability to convey stability and comfort, as well as the kind of authenticity that consumers— especially luxury consumers — seek. "Think of the experience of good coffee, good chocolate, great pieces of wood," Harrington told us, referencing the entire field of upscale umbric goods. "You're seeing it across the crafts industry: more genuine materials, something that has longevity. The handmade quality people are looking for in luxury."

High end car makers like Mercedes, BMW, Mini, Porsche, Rolls-Royce, and Bentley have all begun investigating what brown can do for them, with each marque offering at least two — and in the case of Bentley, a full half-dozen — earthy shades on their contemporary offerings. But we're also starting to see brown trickle down into the lower ends of the automotive marketplace. Ford now offers its Taurus sedan and Escape SUV in Kodiak Brown, as well as proffering a caramelly Golden Bronze dip on its best-selling F-150. And Toyota, though famous for producing cars that are both literally and figuratively beige, has also began to polish the mahogany, offering a quartet of browns on models like the Venza, Avalaon, RAV-4, and Tacoma (though, ironically, you cannot purchase a Sienna in brown.)

But brown's delightfully filthy insurgency isn't based solely on its connection to the composted topsoil used to grow your heirloom radishesm or the Kopi Luwak coffee beans pooped out by a Sumatran civet cat and roasted for your artisanal espresso. Nor is it merely surfing the aspirational wave a few coats may bring to the mass-market. It's also fueled by a deep-seated fondness for the past.


Or, at least that's what Alex Nuñez thinks. As Senior Automotive Editor at Consumer Search, and Weekend Editor at Autoblog, he is an industry expert. But it's his role as founder of Facebook's Brown Car Appreciation Society — which now includes nearly 600 members, mainly automotive writers, analysts, and pundits — that catalyzed our interview. "I think it's a nostalgia thing for guys our age. I'm 40, and we grew up at a time when you had all these brown cars in active use," Nuñez said. "Maybe it's that a lot of people who are in decision-making positions in the car industry are of that age, and this stuff is sort of subliminally ingrained as a feel good thing — these browns and earth tone colors."

Experts like Jane Harrington and Sandy McGill are hard at work tracking the next big incipient color trend — bronzes, with their patinaed implication of history and refinement; aluminum flakes that make metallic paints more silky; even digital OLEDs that can display anything, like an automotive iPad. But when we asked Nuñez if there were other color trends he was stalking, he didn't hesitate. "Not really." He is interested only in seeing brown deepen its fecund reign. "I'm disappointed that you can't order a Mustang Boss 302 in brown, or a brown Camaro. So there's still opportunity for expansion."